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Software Engineering Cycle Software Development

Summary Introduction 2 Implicit Definition Software 4 Cycle Software Development - Software Engineering 6 Software Requirements 8 Software Design 9 Software Construction 9 Software Testing 10 Software Maintence 10 Gamification 10 Understanding Gamification 10 Gamifiation x Software Development 12 Conclusion 15 Introduction Nowadays, the world is completely connected and independently of geographic position ou size, companies are influenced by situations that occur in other continents or countries. As a result, if companies want to a highligh position, inovation and new businesses models are required, especially if the objective is improve the brand and conquer the loyality of customers. Because this, many organizations find by new techniques to differentiate them from other companies. One new and important technique that has been highlighted in the last years is a metodology named ‘Gamification’, a technique that uses methods of games in job activities. According to a research report conducted in 2011 (Laurence, 2011), Gartner (consulting firm focusing on processes of decision making) predicted that by the year 2015 more than half of organizations working with innovative methods will require methods of games in their internal processes. Consequently, a significant number of companies in the world will be using at least one application with features derived from games in the conduct of its business. This tendency to employ a mechanical interaction between people andShow MoreRelatedSoftware Engineering : Software Development Cycle2082 Words   |  9 PagesSoftware Engineering Process When engineers design software, most engineers use a software development methodology known as the Software Development Cycle (SDLC). The process is a structure that is one my might is imposed on the software development community. There are a number of models for this process and all use a variety of methods, tasks, and activates during their own process. Here are two of the process models: Waterfall Process – this is where developers execute their steps or phases inRead MoreSoftware Engineering1599 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction to Software Engineering Somnuk Keretho, Assistant Professor Department of Computer Engineering Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University Email: sk@nontri.ku.ac.th URL: http://www.cpe.ku.ac.th/~sk Somnuk Keretho/Kasetsart University Outline of this presentation †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Scope of Software Engineering Object-Oriented Software Development Software Process Software Life-Cycle Models Object Orientation Software Quality Assessment Reference to Chapter 1/2/3Read MoreSoftware Engineering Frameworks And Methodologies1528 Words   |  7 PagesCIS 4655 Software Engineering Term Paper on Software Engineering Frameworks and Methodologies By Damancharla Harini 1. Introduction: Describing software engineering can be a quite challenging task based on the purpose of the definition and the anticipated beneficiaries. Discussing about frameworks and methodologies in software engineering can be somewhat difficult under whatever circumstances because of various ways in which the issues regarding frameworks, processes and methodologiesRead MoreSoftware Reliability Of Software Standards1116 Words   |  5 PagesSoftware reliability is dynamic stochastic. Unlike hardware, software does not age, wear out or rust, unreliability of software is mainly due to bugs or design faults in the software. The exact value of product reliability is never precisely known at any point in its lifetime. The study of software reliability can be categorized into three parts: Modeling, Measurement improvement. Many Models exist, but no single model can capture a necessary amount of software characteristics. Software reliabilityRead MoreHello World687 Words   |  3 Pagesbusiness man ager, the project manager, programmers, development team, and end users. The business management normally consists of senior management (VP, President) and marketing (product manager). The project managers are responsible for tracking and controlling the progress of the project. Software engineers are responsible for developing and maintaining the software. Software development includes many tasks such as requirements gathering, software architecture and design, implementation, testingRead MoreSoftware Houses Use Agile Development1431 Words   |  6 PagesMost of software houses use agile development methodologies such as XP and scrum to enhance its product quality, increase communication between teams, release products in short time and to participate its clients in software development life cycle. There are many problems usually occur, first problem the time spent between development of the software and to make it operational. Second problem is the difference between environments. There are two different environments; development environment isRead MoreSoftware Development : The Spiral Model Essay1039 Words   |  5 Pages Software Development Software development is a discipline that all relate directly to the progress, improvements in productivity, and a lot of smart people working hard and generating significant benefits for businesses and society. But at the same time we note that projects often suffer delays and the expected results despite the talent and effort put into action by analysts, programmers and users so that the new system to function properly and on time are obtained. Spiral model In the spiralRead MorePredictive And Adaptive Models Life Cycle Models854 Words   |  4 PagesPredictive or adaptive models life cycle models used by project managers for software development. These models describe the work completed and identify the next phase of the chosen life cycle. In software development, project managers may use either adaptive modeling if the requirements are not clearly known or predictive if there is accurate forecasting available in scope, time or budget. In systems development life cycle, a predictive model has systemic work done consecutively or congruentlyRead MoreSystem Development Life Cycle ( Sdlc ) Methodologies1448 Words   |  6 Pagesvariety of systems that managers are now using to make and implement decisions (Alter, 1976). In today’s businesses, systems development is a process of examining a business situation to analyze better procedures and methods to stay competitive. System development life cycle (SDLC) methodologies are prom oted as means of improving the management and control of the software development process, structuring and simplifying the process by specifying activities to be done and techniques to be used (Russo,Read MoreSoftware Development Life Cycle ( Sdlc )937 Words   |  4 PagesSoftware Development Life Cycle Introduction Software Development Life Cycle, (SDLC) denotes the process used by software industries to design, develop and test high-quality software. SDLC is also referred to as Software development process and aims at producing high-quality software meeting or exceeding customer’s expectations, or that reaches completion within cost and times estimation. A system is a set of intermingling or dependent components that form a unified whole; it is a term that can get

Separation Of Powers - 783 Words

To the People of the State New York: To what extent would we have to go to be able to properly lay the divisions of power in the government and implement the separation of powers as written in the Constitution? We must analyze the structure of government to find a means of keeping departments in check. So we can develop this theory, some observations will be noted in order to shape a clearer idea on the structure of government. For a strong substructure to be established for the separate powers of government, each branch must have a different purpose so that members of each department would not be sharing control over the same appointments. If this rule were strictly enforced, then every branch judicial, executive, and legislative would†¦show more content†¦The best control is undoubtedly for the government to depend on the will of the people For the private interests of every person to be held higher than public rights it is necessary to arrange distribute power accordingly so that they may check each other and balance out. Dividing power between each branch equally is impossible. The legislative branch tends to be the most dominant. To solve this is for the legislature to be divided into two different branches as stated in the Constitution: Congress is split into The House of Representatives and the Senate. This is necessary to ensure security against the possibility of legislative dictatorship. If these principles are followed accordingly and applied as a standard for both State and federal constitution it is known that the general government is closer for passing the ability of self-defense for each branch than the State government. There are also two things to make note of that are befitting to the federal system. First, America is a not a single republic where the power of the people is given to a single structure of government. Therefore, more security is needed for the public rights to not be violated. Each government would restrain itself and each other. Second, there are two ways to defend oneself against the evil of a majority faction: either by having citizens emerging with their own opinionsShow MoreRelatedSeparation Of Powers Of Power924 Words   |  4 Pages2014 Separation of Powers Separation of Powers is a system in which power is divided between three branches of government. These branches consist of Legislative (Congress), Executive (President), and Judiciary (Supreme Court). Each one of the branches is given a duty to fulfill. If one branch doesn’t fulfill its duties, the other branches can force that branch to fulfill it. There is another system that helps these branches of government to check on each other and limit each other’s powers. It isRead MoreSeparation of Power731 Words   |  3 Pagesdo not wish to abandon the doctrine of separation of power but however, this notion shall follow the Montesquieu approach as he provides for a separation of power that aims at having separate institutions doing separate function by separate personnel and having the checks and balance that will control the powers of these organs. The doctrine of separation of power cannot be abandoned because of the following reasons: The doctrine avoids the abuse of powers. This means that when a single personRead MoreSeparation of Powers1967 Words   |  8 Pagesis to defend the assertion that separation of power in Zambia is relative. This essay will begin by giving a brief description of the concept Separation of Powers. executive, legislature and the judiciary. Thereafter, a Main Body shall provide a detailed discussion over the assertion after which a conclusion will be given to summarise the discussion. According to the online business dictionary, Separation of Powers is a constitutional principle that limits the powers vested in any person or institutionRead MoreThe Separation Of Powers Of The State And Its Powers912 Words   |  4 Pagesway in which the state is established. In short, it is a framework that explains the structure of the state and its powers. Unlike most modern states, Britain does not have a codified constitution but an unwritten one that exists in an abstract sense. It delineates the powers of the different branches of the state, and the restrictions placed on the institutions and on state power. It is comprised of various acts of Parliament, court judgements and conventions that have evolved over a long periodRead MoreThe Doctrine Of The Separation Of Power1610 Words   |  7 Pagesof the separation of powers has been compromised to a less extent in the nation like Australia. The first section will constitute in exploring the history and the significance of t he separation of the power doctrine. In the second section I will discuss about the compromise of the doctrine, especially between the administrator and the legislature with some good cases held in high court. Besides, some clarification will be provided to explain how the philosophical system of separation of power is beingRead MoreThe Division and Separation of Power944 Words   |  4 PagesThe Division and Separation of power are essential to keep our societies rulers to have a restriction on their powers. The importance of each on the Australian domestic law especially in relation to the rule of law, and protecting individual rights, and the legal system. The difference between the division and separation of powers is small. The Division of power is one of the most important aspects of the Constitution. This role is dividing power between the state and Commonwealth parliaments. ThisRead MoreDoctrine of Separation of Powers3203 Words   |  13 Pages1st Internal Assignment Administrative Law The Doctrine of Separation of Power Clive D’souza 13010124119 Division B III Year Introduction: The Government of any country will be the agency or machinery through which the will of the people is realised, expressed and formulated. But for the will of the people to be so expressed, realised and formulated, there needs to be a well organized system which works together, jointly as well as separately for ultimate achievement of the goalRead MoreThe Doctrine Of Separation Of Power966 Words   |  4 Pagesdoctrine of separation of power is a vital element of modern, democratic systems of government. At the same time, it will show the basic points of working process in Australian legal system. Callie Harvey declared that only under the condition that separation of power can be maintained between parts of government, the democratic civilisation can be justly ruled. In fact, the legal system in Australia is divided into three branches, which are based on the doctrine of separation of power, with theRead MoreSeparation of Powers in the Constitution895 Words   |  4 Pages The Separation of Powers was simply created to establish a system of checks and balances so that no one particular division of the government could solely control all of our nations business. This makes is so the President does not have dictatorial control. Congress has a form of checked power so they cannot make unfair laws. The Judicial Branch is then not allowed to exceed the power that is given to them by law. It’s a system â€Å"Of the people, by the people, and for the people† allowing us asRead MoreThe Principle Of Separation Of Powers891 Words   |  4 PagesThe method of separa tion of powers was a very important addition to the constitution for the founders of the document. After years of struggling under Great Britain’s regime then finally getting freed, they wanted to make sure they avoided every way of a totalitarian government arising. Thus forth, the founders developed the idea of separation of powers. However, this was the 18th century. Although the creators of the constitution did a great job at developing a long lasting agreement between government

Tax Research Paper free essay sample

A lot of people mistakenly think an IRA itself is an investment but it is just the basket in which an individual keeps stocks, bonds, mutual funds and other assets. Unlike 401(k)s, which are accounts provided by employees’ company, the most common types of IRAs are accounts that people open on their own. Others can be opened by self-employed individuals and small business owners. There are two general types of individual retirement arrangements (IRAs) under present law: * traditional IRAs, to which both deductible and nondeductible contributions may be made; * Roth IRAs, to which only nondeductible contributions may be made. So understanding each account and their differences helps an individual determine which IRA is best for his financial situation and retirement plans. Traditional IRA Basics A traditional IRA is a personal retirement savings account held at a bank or a brokerage firm that can be funded with investments such as stocks, bonds and mutual funds offered through the financial institution where individual account is held. Traditional IRAs provide tax savings, including tax-free growth of earned interest, dividends and capital gains while the money is in the account. An individual also usually claims a tax deduction each year that he makes a contribution to a traditional IRA. While his contributions to a traditional IRA are not taxed, he has to pay taxed when he remove the funds from the account at retirement. Roth IRA Basics A Roth IRA is a personal retirement savings account also held at a bank or brokerage firm that can be funded with a wide variety of investments, including stocks, bonds and mutual funds. Roth IRAs also offer tax savings, including tax-free growth of earned interest, dividends and capital gains while the money is in the account, but An individual is not taxed when he withdraws the money. Withdrawals of contributions are tax free after the Roth IRA has been open five years, and individual can withdraw investment earnings tax free after he reaches the age of 591/2. Traditional IRAs vs. Roth IRAs When it comes investments, traditional and Roth IRAs work the same way. An individual funds the IRA and then moves the money into various investments. With both types of accounts, the interest, dividends and capital gains grow tax free. If an individual is employed and earning an income, he can currently contribute to both types of accounts up to $5,000 per year until the age of 49 and $6,000 per year if he is 50 or older. Contributions to either type of IRA must come from taxable income earned from working. Earned income also includes alimony received by the taxpayer. For federal income tax purposes, alimony is deductible by the payor and is includible as earned income by the recipient. The following table provides the similarities of traditional IRA vs. Roth IRAs. | Traditional IRA| Roth IRA| Earned Income| v| v| Investment Choices| v| v| Prohibited Transactions| v| v| However, there are several important differences between traditional and Roth IRAs. Consider the following differences when making a decision regarding which type of IRA is right for your financial situation. Tax Deferral Traditional IRA: Contributions are taxed at the prevailing tax rate when money is taken from the account at retirement. Individual contributions are not taxed when he initially deposits them into his account. Roth IRA: Because individual contributions are taxed before they land in his account, his money is not taxed when it is removed from the account. Age Limits Traditional IRA: No contributions are allowed in the year or any years after the year in which an individual attains age 701/2. Roth IRA: No age limits exist on contributions. Individuals who have sufficient earned income may continue to contribute to a Roth IRA after the attainment of age 701/2. Income Caps Traditional IRA: Anyone with a taxable income can contribute to a traditional IRA, no matter how much they earn. Roth IRA: There are income limits for contributing. In 2012, single individuals with a modified adjusted gross income of $125,000 and higher could not contribute to a Roth IRA. Tax Deductibility Traditional IRA: Contributions may be tax deductible. Eligibility is dependent on a variety of factors including whether an individual is currently participating in an employer – sponsored retirement plan such as a 401 (k), SEP IRA or SIMPLE IRA. Enrollment in one of these plans can limit or preclude tax deductibility. Income also dictates if and how much a person can deduct. In 2012, for instance, an individual filing single or as head of household with no active participation in an employer – sponsored retirement plan who earned $58,000 or less in modified adjusted gross income could fully deduct all contributions to a traditional IRA. Individuals earning from $58,000 to $68,000 got a partial deduction, and those earning more than $68,000 had no deduction. Roth IRA: No contributions are tax deductible. Required Minimum Distribution (RMD) Traditional IRA: Account owners must begin receiving minimum distributions of money in the account on April 1st of the year following their turning 701/2 years old. Roth IRA: No required minimum distribution. Distributions Traditional IRA: Distributions from traditional IRAs and other retirement plans are generally treated as ordinary income. Roth IRA: Distributions from Roth IRAs are designed to be tax-free in retirement. A distribution from a Roth IRA is not included in the owner’s gross income and is not subject to the 10 percent early withdrawal penalty if it is a qualified distribution. Distributions that do not meet the definition of a qualified distribution may be subject to income tax and the early withdrawal penalty. Early Disbursement Traditional IRA: If an individual pulls money out of the account before the age of 591/2, he will be subject to an early distribution penalty. Exceptions to the early disbursement penalty rule include withdrawing money in order to pay for college expenses, medical costs greater the 7. 5% of your adjusted gross income and expensed due to sudden disability. He can also withdraw up to $10,000 penalty free for a first-time home purchase. Finally, there are no penalties if he transfers the money into another type of retirement account. Roth IRA: After the account has been open five years, an individual can withdraw any money he deposited into the account without incurring a penalty. He will, however, usually pay a penalty if he withdraws investment earnings before the age of 591/2. Through the discussion above, the table below provides the differences of traditional IRA vs. Roth IRAs, | Traditional IRA| Roth IRA| Contributions| Contributions can not be made beyond 701/2| Contributions can be made beyond 701/2| Deductions| v| N/A| Minimum Distribution Rules| During life and after Death| Only after death| Conclusions Upon the discussion above, we can decide which account is best for a specific person. If a person does not meet the income requirements for a Roth IRA, a traditional IRA is his only choice. Otherwise, he needs to take a few factors into consideration when making his decision. If a person wants to take advantage of the tax deductibility of his IRA contributions, he might consider choosing a traditional IRA. Opting for a traditional IRA also makes sense if he expects to be in a lower tax bracket when he retires, because he will pay less tax at that time than he would now. However, the flexible benefits of a Roth IRA may make it a more appealing choice. A person might benefit from his ability to withdraw contributions without penalties. He might also prefer to have no minimum distribution requirements. Finally, if he expects to be in a higher tax bracket when he retires, choosing a Roth ill allow him to get his contributions taxed at a lower rate now, and he will not have to worry about taxes later. Splitting a Person’s Contributions If a person is eligible for a Roth and Traditional IRA, he may find it advantageous to split his maximum contribution between the two by depositing the tax deductible amount of his income into his traditional IRA and the remainder into a Roth. When considering doing this, factor in potential additional costs such as fees associated with funding both accounts. His total contributions to both IRAs can not be more than his limit for the year.