Thanksgiving Math Worksheets and Activities for Kids

Software Engineering Cycle Software Development

Summary Introduction 2 Implicit Definition Software 4 Cycle Software Development - Software Engineering 6 Software Requirements 8 Software Design 9 Software Construction 9 Software Testing 10 Software Maintence 10 Gamification 10 Understanding Gamification 10 Gamifiation x Software Development 12 Conclusion 15 Introduction Nowadays, the world is completely connected and independently of geographic position ou size, companies are influenced by situations that occur in other continents or countries. As a result, if companies want to a highligh position, inovation and new businesses models are required, especially if the objective is improve the brand and conquer the loyality of customers. Because this, many organizations find by new techniques to differentiate them from other companies. One new and important technique that has been highlighted in the last years is a metodology named ‘Gamification’, a technique that uses methods of games in job activities. According to a research report conducted in 2011 (Laurence, 2011), Gartner (consulting firm focusing on processes of decision making) predicted that by the year 2015 more than half of organizations working with innovative methods will require methods of games in their internal processes. Consequently, a significant number of companies in the world will be using at least one application with features derived from games in the conduct of its business. This tendency to employ a mechanical interaction between people andShow MoreRelatedSoftware Engineering : Software Development Cycle2082 Words   |  9 PagesSoftware Engineering Process When engineers design software, most engineers use a software development methodology known as the Software Development Cycle (SDLC). The process is a structure that is one my might is imposed on the software development community. There are a number of models for this process and all use a variety of methods, tasks, and activates during their own process. Here are two of the process models: Waterfall Process – this is where developers execute their steps or phases inRead MoreSoftware Engineering1599 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction to Software Engineering Somnuk Keretho, Assistant Professor Department of Computer Engineering Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University Email: sk@nontri.ku.ac.th URL: http://www.cpe.ku.ac.th/~sk Somnuk Keretho/Kasetsart University Outline of this presentation †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Scope of Software Engineering Object-Oriented Software Development Software Process Software Life-Cycle Models Object Orientation Software Quality Assessment Reference to Chapter 1/2/3Read MoreSoftware Engineering Frameworks And Methodologies1528 Words   |  7 PagesCIS 4655 Software Engineering Term Paper on Software Engineering Frameworks and Methodologies By Damancharla Harini 1. Introduction: Describing software engineering can be a quite challenging task based on the purpose of the definition and the anticipated beneficiaries. Discussing about frameworks and methodologies in software engineering can be somewhat difficult under whatever circumstances because of various ways in which the issues regarding frameworks, processes and methodologiesRead MoreSoftware Reliability Of Software Standards1116 Words   |  5 PagesSoftware reliability is dynamic stochastic. Unlike hardware, software does not age, wear out or rust, unreliability of software is mainly due to bugs or design faults in the software. The exact value of product reliability is never precisely known at any point in its lifetime. The study of software reliability can be categorized into three parts: Modeling, Measurement improvement. Many Models exist, but no single model can capture a necessary amount of software characteristics. Software reliabilityRead MoreHello World687 Words   |  3 Pagesbusiness man ager, the project manager, programmers, development team, and end users. The business management normally consists of senior management (VP, President) and marketing (product manager). The project managers are responsible for tracking and controlling the progress of the project. Software engineers are responsible for developing and maintaining the software. Software development includes many tasks such as requirements gathering, software architecture and design, implementation, testingRead MoreSoftware Houses Use Agile Development1431 Words   |  6 PagesMost of software houses use agile development methodologies such as XP and scrum to enhance its product quality, increase communication between teams, release products in short time and to participate its clients in software development life cycle. There are many problems usually occur, first problem the time spent between development of the software and to make it operational. Second problem is the difference between environments. There are two different environments; development environment isRead MoreSoftware Development : The Spiral Model Essay1039 Words   |  5 Pages Software Development Software development is a discipline that all relate directly to the progress, improvements in productivity, and a lot of smart people working hard and generating significant benefits for businesses and society. But at the same time we note that projects often suffer delays and the expected results despite the talent and effort put into action by analysts, programmers and users so that the new system to function properly and on time are obtained. Spiral model In the spiralRead MorePredictive And Adaptive Models Life Cycle Models854 Words   |  4 PagesPredictive or adaptive models life cycle models used by project managers for software development. These models describe the work completed and identify the next phase of the chosen life cycle. In software development, project managers may use either adaptive modeling if the requirements are not clearly known or predictive if there is accurate forecasting available in scope, time or budget. In systems development life cycle, a predictive model has systemic work done consecutively or congruentlyRead MoreSystem Development Life Cycle ( Sdlc ) Methodologies1448 Words   |  6 Pagesvariety of systems that managers are now using to make and implement decisions (Alter, 1976). In today’s businesses, systems development is a process of examining a business situation to analyze better procedures and methods to stay competitive. System development life cycle (SDLC) methodologies are prom oted as means of improving the management and control of the software development process, structuring and simplifying the process by specifying activities to be done and techniques to be used (Russo,Read MoreSoftware Development Life Cycle ( Sdlc )937 Words   |  4 PagesSoftware Development Life Cycle Introduction Software Development Life Cycle, (SDLC) denotes the process used by software industries to design, develop and test high-quality software. SDLC is also referred to as Software development process and aims at producing high-quality software meeting or exceeding customer’s expectations, or that reaches completion within cost and times estimation. A system is a set of intermingling or dependent components that form a unified whole; it is a term that can get

Separation Of Powers - 783 Words

To the People of the State New York: To what extent would we have to go to be able to properly lay the divisions of power in the government and implement the separation of powers as written in the Constitution? We must analyze the structure of government to find a means of keeping departments in check. So we can develop this theory, some observations will be noted in order to shape a clearer idea on the structure of government. For a strong substructure to be established for the separate powers of government, each branch must have a different purpose so that members of each department would not be sharing control over the same appointments. If this rule were strictly enforced, then every branch judicial, executive, and legislative would†¦show more content†¦The best control is undoubtedly for the government to depend on the will of the people For the private interests of every person to be held higher than public rights it is necessary to arrange distribute power accordingly so that they may check each other and balance out. Dividing power between each branch equally is impossible. The legislative branch tends to be the most dominant. To solve this is for the legislature to be divided into two different branches as stated in the Constitution: Congress is split into The House of Representatives and the Senate. This is necessary to ensure security against the possibility of legislative dictatorship. If these principles are followed accordingly and applied as a standard for both State and federal constitution it is known that the general government is closer for passing the ability of self-defense for each branch than the State government. There are also two things to make note of that are befitting to the federal system. First, America is a not a single republic where the power of the people is given to a single structure of government. Therefore, more security is needed for the public rights to not be violated. Each government would restrain itself and each other. Second, there are two ways to defend oneself against the evil of a majority faction: either by having citizens emerging with their own opinionsShow MoreRelatedSeparation Of Powers Of Power924 Words   |  4 Pages2014 Separation of Powers Separation of Powers is a system in which power is divided between three branches of government. These branches consist of Legislative (Congress), Executive (President), and Judiciary (Supreme Court). Each one of the branches is given a duty to fulfill. If one branch doesn’t fulfill its duties, the other branches can force that branch to fulfill it. There is another system that helps these branches of government to check on each other and limit each other’s powers. It isRead MoreSeparation of Power731 Words   |  3 Pagesdo not wish to abandon the doctrine of separation of power but however, this notion shall follow the Montesquieu approach as he provides for a separation of power that aims at having separate institutions doing separate function by separate personnel and having the checks and balance that will control the powers of these organs. The doctrine of separation of power cannot be abandoned because of the following reasons: The doctrine avoids the abuse of powers. This means that when a single personRead MoreSeparation of Powers1967 Words   |  8 Pagesis to defend the assertion that separation of power in Zambia is relative. This essay will begin by giving a brief description of the concept Separation of Powers. executive, legislature and the judiciary. Thereafter, a Main Body shall provide a detailed discussion over the assertion after which a conclusion will be given to summarise the discussion. According to the online business dictionary, Separation of Powers is a constitutional principle that limits the powers vested in any person or institutionRead MoreThe Separation Of Powers Of The State And Its Powers912 Words   |  4 Pagesway in which the state is established. In short, it is a framework that explains the structure of the state and its powers. Unlike most modern states, Britain does not have a codified constitution but an unwritten one that exists in an abstract sense. It delineates the powers of the different branches of the state, and the restrictions placed on the institutions and on state power. It is comprised of various acts of Parliament, court judgements and conventions that have evolved over a long periodRead MoreThe Doctrine Of The Separation Of Power1610 Words   |  7 Pagesof the separation of powers has been compromised to a less extent in the nation like Australia. The first section will constitute in exploring the history and the significance of t he separation of the power doctrine. In the second section I will discuss about the compromise of the doctrine, especially between the administrator and the legislature with some good cases held in high court. Besides, some clarification will be provided to explain how the philosophical system of separation of power is beingRead MoreThe Division and Separation of Power944 Words   |  4 PagesThe Division and Separation of power are essential to keep our societies rulers to have a restriction on their powers. The importance of each on the Australian domestic law especially in relation to the rule of law, and protecting individual rights, and the legal system. The difference between the division and separation of powers is small. The Division of power is one of the most important aspects of the Constitution. This role is dividing power between the state and Commonwealth parliaments. ThisRead MoreDoctrine of Separation of Powers3203 Words   |  13 Pages1st Internal Assignment Administrative Law The Doctrine of Separation of Power Clive D’souza 13010124119 Division B III Year Introduction: The Government of any country will be the agency or machinery through which the will of the people is realised, expressed and formulated. But for the will of the people to be so expressed, realised and formulated, there needs to be a well organized system which works together, jointly as well as separately for ultimate achievement of the goalRead MoreThe Doctrine Of Separation Of Power966 Words   |  4 Pagesdoctrine of separation of power is a vital element of modern, democratic systems of government. At the same time, it will show the basic points of working process in Australian legal system. Callie Harvey declared that only under the condition that separation of power can be maintained between parts of government, the democratic civilisation can be justly ruled. In fact, the legal system in Australia is divided into three branches, which are based on the doctrine of separation of power, with theRead MoreSeparation of Powers in the Constitution895 Words   |  4 Pages The Separation of Powers was simply created to establish a system of checks and balances so that no one particular division of the government could solely control all of our nations business. This makes is so the President does not have dictatorial control. Congress has a form of checked power so they cannot make unfair laws. The Judicial Branch is then not allowed to exceed the power that is given to them by law. It’s a system â€Å"Of the people, by the people, and for the people† allowing us asRead MoreThe Principle Of Separation Of Powers891 Words   |  4 PagesThe method of separa tion of powers was a very important addition to the constitution for the founders of the document. After years of struggling under Great Britain’s regime then finally getting freed, they wanted to make sure they avoided every way of a totalitarian government arising. Thus forth, the founders developed the idea of separation of powers. However, this was the 18th century. Although the creators of the constitution did a great job at developing a long lasting agreement between government

Tax Research Paper free essay sample

A lot of people mistakenly think an IRA itself is an investment but it is just the basket in which an individual keeps stocks, bonds, mutual funds and other assets. Unlike 401(k)s, which are accounts provided by employees’ company, the most common types of IRAs are accounts that people open on their own. Others can be opened by self-employed individuals and small business owners. There are two general types of individual retirement arrangements (IRAs) under present law: * traditional IRAs, to which both deductible and nondeductible contributions may be made; * Roth IRAs, to which only nondeductible contributions may be made. So understanding each account and their differences helps an individual determine which IRA is best for his financial situation and retirement plans. Traditional IRA Basics A traditional IRA is a personal retirement savings account held at a bank or a brokerage firm that can be funded with investments such as stocks, bonds and mutual funds offered through the financial institution where individual account is held. Traditional IRAs provide tax savings, including tax-free growth of earned interest, dividends and capital gains while the money is in the account. An individual also usually claims a tax deduction each year that he makes a contribution to a traditional IRA. While his contributions to a traditional IRA are not taxed, he has to pay taxed when he remove the funds from the account at retirement. Roth IRA Basics A Roth IRA is a personal retirement savings account also held at a bank or brokerage firm that can be funded with a wide variety of investments, including stocks, bonds and mutual funds. Roth IRAs also offer tax savings, including tax-free growth of earned interest, dividends and capital gains while the money is in the account, but An individual is not taxed when he withdraws the money. Withdrawals of contributions are tax free after the Roth IRA has been open five years, and individual can withdraw investment earnings tax free after he reaches the age of 591/2. Traditional IRAs vs. Roth IRAs When it comes investments, traditional and Roth IRAs work the same way. An individual funds the IRA and then moves the money into various investments. With both types of accounts, the interest, dividends and capital gains grow tax free. If an individual is employed and earning an income, he can currently contribute to both types of accounts up to $5,000 per year until the age of 49 and $6,000 per year if he is 50 or older. Contributions to either type of IRA must come from taxable income earned from working. Earned income also includes alimony received by the taxpayer. For federal income tax purposes, alimony is deductible by the payor and is includible as earned income by the recipient. The following table provides the similarities of traditional IRA vs. Roth IRAs. | Traditional IRA| Roth IRA| Earned Income| v| v| Investment Choices| v| v| Prohibited Transactions| v| v| However, there are several important differences between traditional and Roth IRAs. Consider the following differences when making a decision regarding which type of IRA is right for your financial situation. Tax Deferral Traditional IRA: Contributions are taxed at the prevailing tax rate when money is taken from the account at retirement. Individual contributions are not taxed when he initially deposits them into his account. Roth IRA: Because individual contributions are taxed before they land in his account, his money is not taxed when it is removed from the account. Age Limits Traditional IRA: No contributions are allowed in the year or any years after the year in which an individual attains age 701/2. Roth IRA: No age limits exist on contributions. Individuals who have sufficient earned income may continue to contribute to a Roth IRA after the attainment of age 701/2. Income Caps Traditional IRA: Anyone with a taxable income can contribute to a traditional IRA, no matter how much they earn. Roth IRA: There are income limits for contributing. In 2012, single individuals with a modified adjusted gross income of $125,000 and higher could not contribute to a Roth IRA. Tax Deductibility Traditional IRA: Contributions may be tax deductible. Eligibility is dependent on a variety of factors including whether an individual is currently participating in an employer – sponsored retirement plan such as a 401 (k), SEP IRA or SIMPLE IRA. Enrollment in one of these plans can limit or preclude tax deductibility. Income also dictates if and how much a person can deduct. In 2012, for instance, an individual filing single or as head of household with no active participation in an employer – sponsored retirement plan who earned $58,000 or less in modified adjusted gross income could fully deduct all contributions to a traditional IRA. Individuals earning from $58,000 to $68,000 got a partial deduction, and those earning more than $68,000 had no deduction. Roth IRA: No contributions are tax deductible. Required Minimum Distribution (RMD) Traditional IRA: Account owners must begin receiving minimum distributions of money in the account on April 1st of the year following their turning 701/2 years old. Roth IRA: No required minimum distribution. Distributions Traditional IRA: Distributions from traditional IRAs and other retirement plans are generally treated as ordinary income. Roth IRA: Distributions from Roth IRAs are designed to be tax-free in retirement. A distribution from a Roth IRA is not included in the owner’s gross income and is not subject to the 10 percent early withdrawal penalty if it is a qualified distribution. Distributions that do not meet the definition of a qualified distribution may be subject to income tax and the early withdrawal penalty. Early Disbursement Traditional IRA: If an individual pulls money out of the account before the age of 591/2, he will be subject to an early distribution penalty. Exceptions to the early disbursement penalty rule include withdrawing money in order to pay for college expenses, medical costs greater the 7. 5% of your adjusted gross income and expensed due to sudden disability. He can also withdraw up to $10,000 penalty free for a first-time home purchase. Finally, there are no penalties if he transfers the money into another type of retirement account. Roth IRA: After the account has been open five years, an individual can withdraw any money he deposited into the account without incurring a penalty. He will, however, usually pay a penalty if he withdraws investment earnings before the age of 591/2. Through the discussion above, the table below provides the differences of traditional IRA vs. Roth IRAs, | Traditional IRA| Roth IRA| Contributions| Contributions can not be made beyond 701/2| Contributions can be made beyond 701/2| Deductions| v| N/A| Minimum Distribution Rules| During life and after Death| Only after death| Conclusions Upon the discussion above, we can decide which account is best for a specific person. If a person does not meet the income requirements for a Roth IRA, a traditional IRA is his only choice. Otherwise, he needs to take a few factors into consideration when making his decision. If a person wants to take advantage of the tax deductibility of his IRA contributions, he might consider choosing a traditional IRA. Opting for a traditional IRA also makes sense if he expects to be in a lower tax bracket when he retires, because he will pay less tax at that time than he would now. However, the flexible benefits of a Roth IRA may make it a more appealing choice. A person might benefit from his ability to withdraw contributions without penalties. He might also prefer to have no minimum distribution requirements. Finally, if he expects to be in a higher tax bracket when he retires, choosing a Roth ill allow him to get his contributions taxed at a lower rate now, and he will not have to worry about taxes later. Splitting a Person’s Contributions If a person is eligible for a Roth and Traditional IRA, he may find it advantageous to split his maximum contribution between the two by depositing the tax deductible amount of his income into his traditional IRA and the remainder into a Roth. When considering doing this, factor in potential additional costs such as fees associated with funding both accounts. His total contributions to both IRAs can not be more than his limit for the year.

“Let’s Talk About Sex” Documentary Essay Essay Example

â€Å"Let’s Talk About Sex† Documentary Essay Essay James Houston put together the docudrama â€Å"Let’s Talk About Sex† that highlights the differences between American’s attack to arouse instruction and that of other states like the Netherlands. The stereotypes. contention. and irony all related to sex is put out in the unfastened and discussed. Throughout the movie. it is obvious that America’s ways of sex instruction and attitude towards sex has created a negative intension. The Europeans have a much more unfastened attack when it comes to the treatment of sex and started sex instruction at an early age. American’s. on the other manus. have a really closed attack to arouse treatment and salvage sex instruction for later ages. This negative intension and attack to instruction has resulted in the States holding much higher rates of adolescent gestation. adolescent birth. and sexually familial infections when compared to European states. One could state that it’s clip the United States changes its attack and sentiments sing sex. gender. and the instruction behind it. We will write a custom essay sample on â€Å"Let’s Talk About Sex† Documentary Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on â€Å"Let’s Talk About Sex† Documentary Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on â€Å"Let’s Talk About Sex† Documentary Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Throughout the film. there was a commonalty between those who held a colored sentiment on the subject of sex. Those who believed abstention should be enforced and were against an unfastened treatment of sexual dealingss were frequently times from the older coevals. It’s the parents of teens. most instructors of sex instruction. and even people within the churches that held a prejudice. They believed that teens should non be involved in sexual activities and that it should be saved for matrimony. Along with that. they stood behind the thought that the teens should non be educated about sex until later in high school and the unfastened treatment of sex and gender was non proper. Kelsey’s female parent was one of these biased people. She was strongly against the thought of Kelsey taking portion in sexual activities until she got married and did do it easy for Kelsey to openly pass on with her about her sexual dealingss. For those teens that do take portion in sexual activities. they are looked down upon in the greater part of American civilization because of the negative intensions that have been established here in the United States. With these prejudices. it has put sex into a negative class non merely for the minority. being the teens. but most Americans in general. In America. sex is non something people openly talk about nor is it something that teens are â€Å"suppose† to take portion in. The thought of teens taking portion in sexual dealingss prior to matrimony is greatly frowned upon and the stigma of transporting a rubber has scared them off from it. An illustration of this. which was shared in the film. is that in the Netherlands. transporting a rubber get downing in their teens is really common and bucked up. Where as in the provinces. if a adolescent were to be caught with a rubber. others would see that as a mark of person who is really promiscuous. In the film. females thought males who carried rubbers wanted nil but sex from a miss while males thought that adult females who carried rubbers were easy and considered slatterns. This negative impact in the States has generated these stereotypes environing sex. The effects of these stereotypes have negative results. For illustration. if a cat is afraid to transport a rubber because of the stereotype and when it comes clip for him to take portion in sexual activities. he won’t be decently prepared. Without the protection. he is at hazard for STIs and possibility of gestation in misss. This is besides true frailty versa with misss ; they excessively should transport rubbers. but are afraid due to the negative association. There is besides a negative thought behind the treatment of sex in an unfastened scene. Most parents in the US are afraid to speak about sex with their teens sharing both their sexual lives and discoursing their teens. Because the parents are non unfastened to it. the teens are afraid to near their parents with sex related inquiries or state them they have taken portion in sexual activities. Because of this. many teens go with out proper direction and right information in respects to sexual activities. Where as if the parents were more unfastened and accepting of the thought of their teens taking portion in sexual activities. it would open an avenue for better cognition and possibly even assist prevent STIs. gestations. and other sex related issues. The minority group in â€Å"Let’s Talk About Sex† stood as US teens. These teens faced the favoritism of senior groups and negative stereotypes. but throughout the class of the film. it showed how things are easy altering. Several people who are frequently viewed as community leaders are working to decently educate teens. An illustration was sublime Williams. who created an unfastened country to discourse sex related things and offer proper instruction. Some instructors besides voiced their sentiment on how they believe sex erectile dysfunction. should be more about sexual dealingss and non about human anatomy. They besides believe the instruction should get down at younger ages when childs are traveling through pubescence and developing sexually developing. This is one manner these teens are acquiring the upper manus on favoritism. Another is that opening the thought of household treatments about sex and the thought of teens being involved in sexual dealingss. Interrupting the premise that abstention is the lone reply and opening the door to treatment. utilizing the Netherlands as an illustration. By the terminal of the film. Kelsey. whose female parent originally frowned upon sex before matrimony. was able to alter her female parents mind and even speak about her sexual dealingss. These are merely a twosome of the ways the teens easy made alteration. there is still a batch more to be talked about and changed. When reflecting back. I excessively can associate to the US teens in the docudrama. I have noticed the closed door in footings of the treatment of sex and human gender every bit good as the stigmas associated with teens’ engagement in sexual activities. I do believe there is something to be said about the Netherlands attack to human gender and sex. particularly when looking at the figure of adolescent gestations and transmittal of STIs compared to the much larger figure in the US. We. as the United States. could profit from a alteration in the ambiance environing adolescent sex. and sex in general. Sexual activity is a natural thing.

Cultural Exchange via trade in the sixteenth century

Cultural Exchange via trade in the sixteenth century Cultural exchange refers to the exchange of values, ideologies, beliefs and interests between two or more ethnic groups. Cultural exchange is inevitable in any circumstance that involves human interaction.Advertising We will write a custom annotated bibliography sample on Cultural Exchange via trade in the sixteenth century specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More De Vries (1979) argues that, in the sixteenth century, which is also termed as the golden age, the human activity that people consider having played the biggest part in enhancing cultural exchange is trade (p.12). This happened through the human contacts that people had established in the leading trade routes in the sixteenth century. This paper, therefore, keenly examines the activities of the principal trade routes in the sixteenth century and the cultural exchange that took place. The trade routes provide an unduobtable evidence of human achievement in an effort to expand and cha nge for the better. Regardless of the commodities of a given trade route, there were traces of the cultural interactions that people had left even years after the trade network declined (Bentley et al., 2008, p.17). The main trade routes that were in existence in the 16th century include the Tran-Saharan gold trade network that linked the north and western African to Europe and Asia. This trade route majorly involved itself in the trading of gold, which was mainly from West Africa. Cultural beliefs introduced by the interactions that arose from this trade include the exchange of religious beliefs. This is evident based on the spread of Islam. Traders mostly from Arabic countries utilized the opportunity that they encountered to spread their religious faith to the people with whom they traded (Sanders et al., 2006, p.26). People also exchanged cultural values in bulk during trading activities in the sixteenth century. They embedded some of these values in the religious faith transfer ring others through other means. For instance, certain communities influenced the manner in which other communities they traded with conducted their rituals, as well as how they generally behaved. For instance, the communities to whom the Islam religion was in touch with adopted the life styles of the Arabs (Van Tielhof, 2002, p.39). Henceforth, they conducted marriages and other cultural celebrations according to the Islamic values. Other prominent trade routes were the spice routes that majorly connected Europe with Asia and Africa. The commodities that people traded included exotic spices majorly from Asian civilizations and North Africa. These trade routes necessitated the spread of art and other cultural artifacts.Advertising Looking for annotated bibliography on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More ome of these artifacts were used as a medium of exchange between the traders while others were items of trade. In these trade routes also, the desire to communicate while trading led to the development of languages such as Mandarin Chinese and Swahili (Pirenne, 2006, p.72). The later acted as a trading language, which incorporated African words with clear Arabic words to make the trading activities more effective. With this development also came the birth of the Swahili culture, which drew aspects from both the Arabic culture and the East African culture. The Silk Road is another extremely influential trade route that contributed to the exchange of cultural values in the sixteenth century. The trade route exists even today even though it has suffered political instability experienced in some countries along the route. The commodities of this trade route included artifacts, slaves, minerals and salt (Clark, 1999, p.45). However, this trade route was not extremely active in the sixteenth century considering that it had reached its apex during the Tang Dynasty in the 8th century. Buddhism spre ad because of this trade through either written or oral works. There was also an evident exchange of Ideologies between the communities that existed during the time of this trading activity. The principal trading activity that people considered having contributed immensely to cultural exchange was the Middle Passage also known as the Atlantic slave trade. This trade route connected the west coast of Africa to the Americas and Europe (Aksel, 1941, p.97). The leading commodity involved in this trade was slaves. Millions of Africans had to abandon their cultures by force following the introduction of new ways of living in America, the Caribbean islands and in Europe where they were then slaves working in plantations and homes. Cultural aspects such as religious beliefs, language, art cultural beliefs among others were a result exchanged between the people who were involved in the trade. For people to agree upon the transactions, there was the need to devise a language that would facili tate the trade. The Creole English is an example of the language devised to enable the trading in the Atlantic slave trade (Aksel, 1941, p.28). Intermarriages that either came during that period or afterwards involved communities. Further, it encouraged cultural exchange.Advertising We will write a custom annotated bibliography sample on Cultural Exchange via trade in the sixteenth century specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More By considering the manner in which traders interacted in the trade routes that existed in the sixteenth century and the nature of the circumstances during the period, it becomes clear that trade played a significant part in enhancing cultural exchange between people of diverse ethnicities. People adopted new ways of living and new religions because of the interactions they made while trading. Annotated Bibliography Aksel, C. (1941). â€Å"Dutch Trade to the Baltic about 1600.† Journal of culture, 23(1), 1-100 . The journal article describes the Dutch trade of 1600 and compares it to other major trade activities of the period. The trade activities described in this article contributed to the birth of new cultural activities that came as a way of facilitating the trade. The article is relevant in this study in that it explains how the integration of some cultural values led to the emergence of new cultures which is highlighted in the study. Bentley, J., Ziegler, H., Streets, H. (2008). Traditions and encounters: A brief global history. New York: McGraw Hill. This book gives an account of how different traditions were passed from one society to the other through human interactions. Trading activities form part of these interactions. The book is important in this study in that it portrays the ways in which different people from different ethnic entities adopted new cultures through trade encounters. Clark, S. (1999). Trade and Empire. London: Zed Books. Clark examines how trading activities in the 16th century influenced in the strengthening of existing kingdoms. The book gives details of the spread of forms of government such as democracy to different regions. The form of government and leadership ideologies as elaborated in this book are cultural aspects. This book is used is relevant in this study since it shows how cultural values passed from one society to the next via trade help build the empires.Advertising Looking for annotated bibliography on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More De Vries, J, (1976). â€Å"The Economy of Europe in an Age of Crisis, 1600-1750.† Journal of Economics, 34(4), 12. The journal article analyses how the different trading activities in which European nations were involved in the 16th and 17th Century contributed to the shaping of the counties economies. Rather than the physical trading commodities, the trades enabled the exchange of ideologies in either written form or oral, which helped in the governance of the nations. The article is important in this study since it considers trade as being the major thing that necessitated these beneficial interactions Pirenne, H. (1987). â€Å"The Place of trade in the Cultural History of Medieval Europe.† Economic History Review, 2(1), 72. Pirenne Henri in this article analyses the role played by trade in the Medieval Europe. It is through trade activities that inter-marriages occurred, languages, art and religious beliefs spread. In this study, the article helps strengthening the claim that trade was among the major interactions that enhanced cultural exchange in Europe and other parts of the world. Sanders, T., Nelson, S., Morillo, S., Ellenberger, N. (2006). Encounters in world history:  Sources and themes from the global post volume one: to 1500. New York: McGraw Hill. This book gives an evaluation of how various interactions led to the spread of some cultures. One of the major ways in which people interacted as portrayed in this book was through trade. The book is important in that it shows the ways in which trade enabled the exchange of cultural values. Van Tielhof, M. (2002). The Mother of all Trades: The Baltic Grain Trade from the Late Sixteenth to the Early Nineteenth Century. Leiden: Brill. The book describes the Baltic grain trade of the sixteenth century and provides a proof why people consider it the most important trade involving the Netherlands. This trade had other added benefits such as the adoption of beneficial cultural values from othe r societies that practiced them. The book is important in this study since it helps in the understanding of how cultural values are passed through trading interactions.

Reflective statement for previous case study Nestle Essay

Reflective statement for previous case study Nestle - Essay Example This has raised a debate on the aptness of this concept in the modern era of education. Critiques have often challenged the role of the students and have undermined the thought which reduces creativity and innovation among the students (Vita & Bernard, n.d.). Aspects like learning and reputation as well as memorising are largely outcomes of reflective studies. Competitive forces play a major role in the shaping the profitability of an organization. The analysis of the competitive forces pertaining to Nestle was done by using the Porter’s five forces model. This model analyses the competitive framework of an organization on the basis of five forces namely, bargaining power of buyers, bargaining power of suppliers, threat of new entrants, competition among the existing players and threat of substitutes (Hill & Jones, 2009, p.42-43). Figure 1: Tangram Analogy (Source: Vita & Bernard, n.d., p.18) The case study focussed on a lot of marketing issues, the nature of the case study an d its questions helped in analysing each of the components separately and finally generating a conclusive argument which is analogous with the tangram analogy shown in the figure above. The analysis of Ansoff’s matrix helped in predicting the possible strategies with regards to the business strategy adopted by an organization. This was helpful in analysing the case of Nestle particularly since the organization has its business units spread across diverse geographical areas of the world (Beamish & Ashford, 2007, p.59-60). During the course of analysis of the case study tools like PESTEL and SWOT were also used. These tools helped in analysing the external and internal environment of the organization (Nestle). The use of SWOT helped in analysing the strengths, weakness, opportunities and the threats being faced by the organization (Nijssen & Frambach, 2000, p.87).. PESTEL is one such tool that helped in understanding the external factors influencing the organization on one hand and also to analyse the political, economical, sociological, technological, environmental and legal factors in a particular nation (Johnson, Scholes & Whittington, 2009, p.65). Finally the process of strategy formulation does not end with framing and implementing policies but to evaluate and review the effectiveness of the strategies. The use of the balanced scorecard model helped in understanding how to evaluate a firm’s strategy based on financial as well as non financial aspects (Balanced Scorecard Institute, 2011). Question 2: In what ways, if any, did the module enhance your learning, professional and/or transferable skills? Various studies have concluded that improvement in practice or revision is largely the outcomes of a good reflective analysis which is quite contrary to the traditional school of thought (Vita & Bernard, n.d., p.5) The building synopsis which is an outcome of the American school of thought largely states that reflective studies enhance the manner in which students can apply the lessons learnt in professional life. The present module helped in generating abstract frameworks which helped in improving the writing skills (Vita & Bernard, n.d., and p.5). The module dealt with analysing the different strategic perspectives of Nestle. The large scale of operation in the organization helped in analysi